nkhani

Thermometer ya Mercury ili ndi mbiri ya zaka zoposa 300 kuchokera pamene idawonekera, monga dongosolo losavuta, losavuta kugwira ntchito, ndipo makamaka "lolondola kwa moyo wonse" thermometer itangotuluka, yakhala chida chokondedwa kwa madokotala ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo kunyumba kuyeza kutentha kwa thupi.

Ngakhale ma thermometers a mercury ndi otsika mtengo komanso othandiza, mercury nthunzi ndi mankhwala a mercury ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa zamoyo zonse, ndipo akangolowa m'thupi la munthu kupyolera mwa kupuma, kumeza kapena njira zina, adzawononga kwambiri thanzi la munthu. Makamaka kwa ana, chifukwa ziwalo zawo zosiyanasiyana zidakali m'kati mwa kukula ndi chitukuko, kamodzi koopsa kwa poizoni wa mercury, zotsatira zina sizingasinthe. Komanso, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mercury thermometers osungidwa m'manja mwathu wakhala gwero la chilengedwe kuipitsa chilengedwe, amenenso ndi chifukwa chofunika kwambiri chifukwa dziko amaletsa kupanga mercury munali thermometers.

Popeza kupanga ma thermometers a mercury ndikoletsedwa, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira zina pakanthawi kochepa ndi ma thermometer amagetsi ndi ma thermometers a infrared.

Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi ubwino wa kunyamula, wofulumira kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo alibe zinthu zoopsa, koma monga zipangizo zamagetsi, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire kuti apereke mphamvu, pamene kukalamba kwa zipangizo zamagetsi, kapena batire ili yochepa kwambiri, idzapangitsa kuti zotsatira zoyezera ziwoneke ngati kupatuka kwakukulu, makamaka thermometer ya infrared imakhudzidwanso ndi kutentha kwakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wa onse awiriwo ndi wokwera pang'ono kuposa wa mercury thermometers, koma kulondola kwake ndikotsika. Chifukwa chazifukwa izi, nkosatheka kuti asinthe zoyezera thermometer monga zoyezera zoyezera m'nyumba ndi zipatala.

Komabe, mtundu watsopano wa thermometer wapezeka - gallium indium tin thermometer. Gallium indium aloyi madzi zitsulo monga chuma kuzindikira kutentha, ndi Mercury thermometer, ntchito yunifolomu "cold contraction kutentha kukwera" makhalidwe thupi kusonyeza kuyeza thupi kutentha. Ndipo zopanda poizoni, zosavulaza, zitapakidwa, palibe kuwongolera komwe kumafunikira pamoyo. Mofanana ndi mercury thermometers, amatha kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mowa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu angapo.

Pavuto losalimba lomwe timadandaula nalo, zitsulo zamadzimadzi mu gallium indium tini thermometer zidzakhazikika pambuyo pa kukhudzana ndi mpweya, ndipo sizidzagwedezeka kuti zipange zinthu zovulaza, ndipo zinyalala zimatha kuchitidwa molingana ndi zinyalala zagalasi wamba, ndipo sizingayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1993, kampani ya ku Germany yotchedwa Geratherm inapanga choyezera choyezera kutenthachi ndikuchitumiza kumayiko ndi zigawo zoposa 60 padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, gallium indium aloyi madzi zitsulo thermometer wakhala anayambitsa China m'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndipo ena opanga zoweta ayamba kutulutsa mtundu uwu wa thermometer. Komabe, pakali pano, anthu ambiri m’dzikoli sadziwa bwino thermometer imeneyi, choncho si yotchuka kwambiri m’zipatala ndi m’mabanja. Komabe, popeza dzikolo laletsa kotheratu kupanga ma mercury okhala ndi ma thermometers, akukhulupirira kuti ma thermometers a gallium indium tin adzakhala otchuka kwambiri posachedwapa.