nkhani

Mu 2024, nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi kachilombo ka HIV (HIV) yakhala ndi zovuta zake. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akulandira mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV (ART) ndikupeza kuponderezedwa kwa ma virus ndichokwera kwambiri. Imfa za AIDS zili pamlingo wawo wotsikitsitsa m’zaka makumi aŵiri. Komabe, ngakhale zochitika zolimbikitsazi, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) kuthetsa HIV monga chiwopsezo cha umoyo wa anthu pofika chaka cha 2030 sichikuyenda bwino. Chodetsa nkhaŵa n’chakuti, mliri wa AIDS ukupitirirabe kufalikira pakati pa anthu ena. Malinga ndi lipoti la UNAIDS 2024 World AIDS Day, bungwe la United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), mayiko asanu ndi anayi akwaniritsa kale zolinga za "95-95-95″ pofika 2025 zomwe zimayenera kuthetsa mliri wa Edzi pofika chaka cha 2030, ndipo ena 10 ali m'njira yoti athetse vutoli. mu 2023. Ntchito zopewera m'madera ena zasiya kugwira ntchito ndipo ziyenera kukonzedwanso kuti zithetse kuchepa.

Kupewa kachirombo ka HIV mogwira mtima kumafuna njira zophatikizira zamakhalidwe, zamankhwala, ndi kamangidwe, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma ART kupondereza kachiromboka, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu, mapologalamu osinthira singano, maphunziro, ndikusintha ndondomeko. Kugwiritsa ntchito oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) kwachepetsa matenda atsopano mwa anthu ena, koma PrEP yakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kwa amayi ndi atsikana achichepere kummawa ndi kumwera kwa Africa omwe akukumana ndi vuto lalikulu la HIV. Kufunika koyendera chipatala pafupipafupi komanso kumwa mankhwala tsiku lililonse kumatha kukhala kochititsa manyazi komanso kosokoneza. Amayi ambiri amawopa kuulula za momwe PrEP imagwiritsidwira ntchito kwa okondedwa awo, ndipo vuto lobisala mapiritsi limaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito PrEP. Chiyeso chodziwika bwino chomwe chinasindikizidwa chaka chino chinasonyeza kuti majekeseni awiri a subcutaneous a HIV-1 capsid inhibitor lenacapavir pachaka anali othandiza kwambiri poletsa kutenga kachilombo ka HIV mwa amayi ndi atsikana ku South Africa ndi Uganda (0 milandu pa zaka 100 za munthu; Zomwe zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku za oral emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil disoproxil fumarate zinali 9 ndi 10101 zaka / zaka 2.61-2. M'mayesero a amuna a cisgender ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya jenda m'makontinenti anayi, Lenacapavir yoperekedwa kawiri pachaka inali ndi zotsatira zofanana.

Komabe, ngati chithandizo chodzitetezera chomwe chatenga nthawi yayitali ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kachilombo ka HIV, chiyenera kukhala chotsika mtengo komanso chopezeka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Gileadi, amene amapanga lenacapavir, asayina mapangano ndi makampani asanu ndi limodzi ku Egypt, India, Pakistan ndi United States kuti agulitse mitundu ya generic ya Lenacapavir m'maiko 120 otsika - komanso ochepera apakati. Poyembekezera tsiku logwira ntchito la mgwirizanowu, Gileadi idzapereka lenacapavir pamtengo wa zero ku mayiko 18 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kwambiri. Kupitiliza kuyikapo ndalama pazovomerezeka zotetezedwa ndikofunikira, koma pali zovuta zina. Bungwe la US President's Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) ndi Global Fund akuyembekezeka kukhala ogula kwambiri a Lenacapavir. Koma m’mwezi wa Marichi, ndalama za PEPFAR zidavomerezedwanso kwa chaka chimodzi chokha, osati zaka zisanu zokhazikika, ndipo zifunika kukonzedwanso ndi kayendetsedwe ka Trump. Global Fund ikumananso ndi zovuta zandalama pomwe ikuyambanso kukonzanso mu 2025.

Mu 2023, matenda atsopano a HIV ku sub-Saharan Africa adzagonjetsedwa ndi madera ena kwa nthawi yoyamba, makamaka Eastern Europe, Central Asia ndi Latin America. Kunja kwa sub-Saharan Africa, matenda atsopano ambiri amapezeka pakati pa amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ogwira ntchito zogonana ndi makasitomala awo. M’maiko ena a ku Latin America, matenda atsopano a HIV akuwonjezereka. Tsoka ilo, oral PrEP yachedwa kugwira ntchito; Kupezako bwino kwa mankhwala oteteza omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikofunikira. Mayiko omwe amapeza ndalama zapamwamba kwambiri monga Peru, Brazil, Mexico, ndi Ecuador, omwe sali oyenerera kumasulira a Lenacapavir ndipo sakuyenera kulandira thandizo la Global Fund, alibe ndalama zogulira lenacapavir yamtengo wapatali (mpaka $44,000 pachaka, koma zosakwana $100 popanga zochuluka). Lingaliro la Gileadi lochotsa mayiko ambiri omwe ali ndi ndalama zapakati pamapangano opereka ziphaso, makamaka omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuyesa kwa Lenacapavir ndi kuyambiranso kwa kachilombo ka HIV, zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni.

Ngakhale kupindula kwa thanzi, anthu ofunikira akupitirizabe kukumana ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, kusalidwa, kusankhana, malamulo a chilango ndi ndondomeko. Malamulo ndi ndondomekozi zimalepheretsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali pa chithandizo cha HIV. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha imfa za Edzi chatsika kuyambira 2010, anthu ambiri adakali m’magawo ang’onoang’ono a Edzi, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu azifa mosafunikira. Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kokha sikungakhale kokwanira kuthetsa HIV monga chiwopsezo cha thanzi la anthu; uku ndi kusankha ndale ndi ndalama. Njira yozikidwa paufulu wachibadwidwe kuphatikiza kuyankhidwa kwachilengedwe, kakhalidwe ndi kapangidwe kake ndikofunikira kuti tithetse mliri wa HIV/AIDS.