nkhani

Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti m'zaka zapakati pa zaka 50 kapena kuposerapo, chikhalidwe chochepa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kuvutika maganizo; Pakati pawo, kutenga nawo mbali kochepa pazochitika zamagulu ndi kusungulumwa kumagwira ntchito yolumikizirana pakati pa awiriwa. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zikuwonetsa kwa nthawi yoyamba momwe zimagwirira ntchito pakati pa zochitika zamakhalidwe am'malingaliro ndi chikhalidwe chachuma komanso chiwopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo kwa okalamba, ndikupereka umboni wofunikira wasayansi wothandizira pakupanga njira zothanirana ndi matenda amisala mwa okalamba, kuthetseratu zomwe zimakhudza thanzi la anthu, komanso kufulumizitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zolinga zaukalamba padziko lonse lapansi.

Kupsinjika maganizo ndiye vuto lalikulu lazaumoyo lomwe limayambitsa matenda padziko lonse lapansi komanso chomwe chimayambitsa kufa pakati pamavuto amisala. The Comprehensive Action Plan for Mental Health 2013-2030, yomwe inavomerezedwa ndi WHO ku 2013, ikuwonetsa njira zazikulu zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo. Kuvutika maganizo kuli ponseponse mwa okalamba, koma kwakukulukulu sikuzindikirika ndipo sikumachiritsidwa. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti kupsinjika muukalamba kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chidziwitso komanso chiopsezo cha matenda amtima. Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha anthu, zochitika zamagulu, ndi kusungulumwa zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chitukuko cha kuvutika maganizo, koma zotsatira zawo zophatikizana ndi njira zinazake sizidziwika bwino. Pankhani ya ukalamba wapadziko lonse, pali kufunika kofulumira kufotokozera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maganizo pa ukalamba ndi njira zawo.

Kafukufukuyu ndi kafukufuku wokhudza anthu, ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi anthu asanu oimira dziko lonse achikulire m'mayiko 24 (omwe adachitika kuyambira pa February 15, 2008 mpaka February 27, 2019), kuphatikizapo Health and Retirement Study, National Health and Retirement Study. HRS, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, ELSA, Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, The Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS ndi Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Phunziroli linaphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi zaka za 50 ndi kupitirira pazomwe adalembapo zomwe adanena zokhudza chikhalidwe chawo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, zochitika zamagulu, komanso kusungulumwa, komanso omwe adafunsidwa osachepera kawiri; Ophunzira omwe anali ndi zizindikiro zachisoni pachiyambi, omwe anali akusowa deta pa zizindikiro zachisokonezo ndi covariates, ndi omwe akusowa sanaphatikizidwe. Potengera ndalama zapakhomo, maphunziro ndi ntchito, njira yowunikira gulu idagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokozera momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu chilili chokwera komanso chotsika. Kupsinjika maganizo kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa Mexican Health and Aging Study (CES-D) kapena EURO-D. Kugwirizana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kupsinjika maganizo kunayerekezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Cox proportional hazard, ndipo zotsatira zophatikizidwa zafukufuku zisanu zinapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha zotsatira zachisawawa. Kafukufukuyu adasanthulanso zotsatira zophatikizana ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, zochitika zamagulu ndi kusungulumwa pa kupsinjika maganizo, ndikufufuza zotsatira zoyanjanitsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kusungulumwa pa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuvutika maganizo pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa causal mediation.

Pambuyo pakutsata kwapakatikati kwa zaka 5, otenga nawo gawo 20,237 adayamba kuvutika maganizo, ndi chiwerengero cha 7.2 (95% nthawi yodalirika 4.4-10.0) pa zaka 100 za munthu. Pambuyo posintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosokoneza, kuwunikaku kudapeza kuti omwe atenga nawo gawo pazachuma chochepa amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kupsinjika maganizo poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chapamwamba cha chikhalidwe cha anthu (ophatikizidwa HR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.23-1.44). Mwa mayanjano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kukhumudwa, 6.12% yokha (1.14-28.45) ndi 5.54% (0.71-27.62) adayanjanitsidwa ndi zochitika zamagulu ndi kusungulumwa, motsatira.

Kuyanjana kokha pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kusungulumwa ndi komwe kunawoneka kuti kumakhudza kwambiri kukhumudwa (kuphatikizidwa HR = 0.84; 0.79-0.90). Poyerekeza ndi omwe anali ndi chikhalidwe chambiri pazachuma omwe anali otanganidwa komanso osakhala osungulumwa, omwe anali otsika kwambiri pazachuma omwe anali osagwira ntchito komanso osungulumwa anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kukhumudwa (aggregate HR = 2.45; 2.08-2.82).

Chisangalalo cha anthu komanso kusungulumwa zimangogwirizanitsa pang'ono mgwirizano pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuvutika maganizo, kutanthauza kuti kuwonjezera pazochitika zokhudzana ndi kudzipatula komanso kusungulumwa, njira zina zogwirira ntchito zimafunika kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuvutika maganizo kwa okalamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zophatikizana za chikhalidwe cha anthu, zochitika zamagulu, ndi kusungulumwa zimawonetsa ubwino wa njira zophatikizira panthawi imodzi pofuna kuchepetsa kuvutika maganizo padziko lonse.